(Nanowerk Spotlight) A substance might potentially be harmful or even toxic for a biological system, provided that the quantity or the concentration (the "dose") is high enough. The toxic effect ...

This study investigated late effects in the brain after irradiation with carbon ions using a rat model. Thirty-six animals were irradiated stereotactically at the right frontal lobe using an extended ...

Dose conversion: A deep learning model predicts the Monte Carlo (MC) dose distribution from the pencil beam (PB) dose, for a prostate cancer case. (a) PB dose distribution; (b) converted dose ...