Figure 1: An exaggerated microscopic picture of the polarization force shift of the cyclotron frequency. We considered and eliminated many possible experimental artefacts as being the source of the ...

Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) are pivotal devices in contemporary accelerator science, renowned for their ability to generate intense beams of ions reliably. These sources employ ...

The dynamic behavior of electrons in magnetic fields is crucial for understanding physical processes, such as the quantum Hall effect, which are important in many areas of solid state physics, ...

On January 26, 1932, Ernest Lawrence applied for a patent on the cyclotron. In the spring of 1929, Ernest Lawrence was leafing through the German journal Archivfür Elektrotechnik when he came across ...