Functional integral equations constitute a broad class of problems in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. These equations play a pivotal role in modelling complex phenomena in ...

Over the centuries, mathematicians have developed a variety of methods of solving equations. Using the capabilities of modern computers, they have explored in detail how these age-old recipes ...

A DIFFERENTIAL equation, in its usual form, states an analytical problem with a certain assumption as to the form of the answer. It implies the existence of a dependent variable, capable of being ...