Nyquist-sampling theory lies at the heart of today's digital-communications systems. It requires that data-conversion systems include antialiasing input filters. Designers need to understand the ...

Sampling a signal causes the original signal spectrum (blue) to create sum (purple) and difference (red) frequencies around the sampling frequency, fS. When the difference signals fall into the ...

Sigma-delta converters are in wide use among applications that demand high precision and accuracy. A variant of the sigma-delta architecture, called the continuous-time sigma delta (CT-S?), has found ...