What is the Hall Effect? The Hall effect is a fundamental phenomenon in physics that occurs when an electric current flows through a conductor in the presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the ...

Researchers have achieved a major breakthrough by generating quantum spin currents in graphene—without relying on bulky magnetic fields. By pairing graphene with a magnetic material, they unlocked a ...

Topological insulators could form the basis for revolutionary electronic components. However, as they generally only function at very low temperatures, their practical application has been severely ...