A crystal oscillator is a timing device that consists of a crystal and an oscillator circuit, providing an output waveform at a specific frequency. When a crystal is placed into an amplifier circuit ...

Editor’s Note: This DI is a two-part series. Part 1 shows how to make an oscillator with a pitch that is proportional to a control voltage. Part 2 shows how to modify the circuit for use with higher ...

Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are pivotal components in modern communications and signal processing, where their ability to generate a stable yet tunable signal is paramount. The performance ...

A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a feedback system that combines a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a phase detector in such a way that the oscillator signal tracks an applied frequency or ...

The first major performance item to review is large-signal load-transient response performance. Here, a large-signal phrase is used in contrast to a small-signal. A small-signal transient literally ...